These assays represent best in class solutions for detecting and measuring cell viability, functionality, growth, proliferation and cytotoxicity of stem and progenitor cells for stem cell and basic research, cellular therapy, in vitro toxicity testing and veterinary applications.

 

2000-Present- Hemogenix-CEO
and Chairman

1996-2000-Palmetto Richland Memorial Hospital

 1995-Second Thesis in Experimental Hematology, University of Ulm

1981-1983-Post Doc University of Chicago

1973-1978-Ph.D. University of Ulm, Biology

Ivan’s journey leading to founding of HemoGenix provided him a unique blend of scientific, entrepreneurial and operational expertise.  These traits are the drivers that enable him to invent, successfully commercialize and continuously improve cell based assay systems. These systems meet a wide range of demanding requirements. These include, for example, meeting the requirement by Standards Organizations and Regulatory Agencies for “appropriate” and “validated” assays that can be used by cord blood banks and stem cell transplantation centers to determine whether a stem cell product has the necessary potency characteristics and can be released for transplantation into a patient…high standards indeed!

The Back Story-Hematology and Hemopoietic Stem Cells

Ivan received his PhD from the University of Ulm, in Germany in 1973 in Human Biology. He then completed a second thesis in 1995 in experimental hematology.  Our story starts here.  As a background we need to understand:  the hemopoietic stem cell compartment consists of cells which are responsible for maintaining the steady-state production of some two million red blood cells and two hundred thousand white blood cells every second of a person’s life!

Beginning in 1973, he worked extensively with “classic” colony-forming cell (CFC) assay.  At the same time, He also gained experience in culturing erythropoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E and CFU-E) under low oxygen tension. His group was the first to demonstrate that macrophages grown in vitro could respond to low oxygen tension by regulating erythropoietin production at a local level. His group also demonstrated the role of HOXB6 in erythropoietic development as well as the role of the Na/H exchanger in hematopoiesis. “Necessity being the mother of invention”, Ivan began developing these assays into miniaturized format.  Assays necessary for fully understanding the potential and associated risks of using of these cells for human therapies.

This opened the door for him to do a post doc with the late Dr. Eugene Goldwasser at the University of Chicago. Dr. Goldwasser was renowned for discovering the first partial amino acid sequence of erythropoietin (EPO). This discovery eventually led to the production of human recombinant EPO by Amgen and the development of first EPO related therapeutic (Epogen). It is used to treat anemia from kidney disease and certain cancers.

We now move to Palmetto Richland Memorial Hospital in South Carolina where Ivan served as Director of Basic Research for Transplantation Medicine. From this research,  we learn that the most primitive stem cells have the greatest potential for proliferation and long-term reconstitution of the hemopoietic system, while the most mature stem cells have only short-term reconstitution potential. These primitive cells then become the most excellent candidates for future therapies. BUT how do we know the population of cells derived from cord blood or bone marrow contain the required population of potent and safe (phenotypically stable) primitive stem cells for effective therapies? We can ask the same questions for other stem cell populations that are candidates for therapies. These include mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells and others.

Introducing Quantitative, Accurate and Proven High Throughput (HTS) Stem Cell Assays

Ivan and HemoGenix began answering these questions in 2002 with help from National Cancer Insitute (NCI) SBIR grants. This led to the successful launch of the HALO® family of kits. These kits are based on Bioluminomics™ which is the science of using the cell’s energy source in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to provide us with a wealth of information. The production of ATP is an indicator of the cell’s cellular and mitochondrial integrity, which, in turn, is an indicator of its viability and cellular functionality. ATP also changes in proportion to cell number, proliferation status and potential, its cytotoxicity and even its apoptotic status.

HemoGenix continues to develop and evolve kits key to developing effective and safe stem cell related drugs and cell based therapies.

Practical Applications

Here are examples of the kits in action.

• HemoGenix and Vitro Diagnostic-Via this partnership, LUMENESC kits for mesenchymal stem cells include high performance growth media for research, quality control or potency or cytotoxicity to the mesenchymal stem cell system
• LumiSTEM™ for testing  hNP1™ Human Neural Progenitors Expansion Kit-enables  fast, accurate and multiplex detection system for hastening advances in drug safety and discovery as well as environmental toxicology. . LumiSTEM™[now LumiCYTE-HT]  kits are used for in vitro detection of liver toxicity, with an overall reduction in drug development cost for drug candidates
• High Throughput (HTS) Screening of Multiple Compounds using HALO®-(to learn more see: TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 87(2), 427–441 (2005) doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi25). Eleven reference compounds from the Registry of Cytotoxicity (RC) and eight other compounds, including anticancer drugs, were studied over an 8- to 9-log dose range for their effects on seven cell populations from both human and mouse bone marrow simultaneously. The cell populations studied included a primitive (HPP-SP) and mature (CFC-GEMM) stem cell, three hematopoietic (BFU-E, GM-CFC, Mk-CFC) and two lymphopoietic (T-CFC, B-CFC) populations. The results reveal a five-point prediction paradigm for lympho-hematotoxicity.

HSC Toxicity Data

Futures

The dawn is breaking for stem cells therapies. These cells are the reparative engines for damaged cells in our bodies. These therapies have the potential to alleviate the world’s most insidious, chronic and costly diseases. Tools that enable us to understand the true properties and potency of these cells lower the cost of discovering drugs and cell based therapies.

I look for more tools to spring from the vision of Dr. Ivan Rich that will play an ever increasing and important role in the world of basic stem cell research, stem cell based therapies and regenerative medicine. I plan to keep you updated on the evolution and capabilities of these inventions.

In Search of Remyelination Therapies

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease with no known cure. It affects over 400,000 people in the US and over 2.5 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in North America.

It is a chronic and brutal disease that attacks the brain and spinal cord. MS symptoms are due to the damage or loss of myelin sheath that surrounds, isolates and protects axons of brain and spinal cord. The results are often debilitating and afflict most sufferers in the prime of their lives. The annual costs to slow the disease and treat related
symptoms are in the billions of dollars and rising. There are currently no therapies to reverse damage of MS. At this point, there are only immune suppressive therapies that slow attack on the myelin sheath.

It is with hope and optimism that I present Dr. Satish Medicetty and his company, Renovo Neural Inc. (RNI) in this edition of the “News Behind the Neuroscience News”.

I became aware of Satish and his company in my search for Stem Cells that would broaden Neuromics ability to serve early phase Neuroscience Drug Discovery.

Satish Medicetty

Apr 2010 – Present: President and Board Director Renovo Neural Inc.

June 2008 – Mar 2010: Director of Stem Cell Research and Lab Operations
NeoStem Inc

July 2005 – June 2008: Senior Scientist Athersys

2006 – 2008: MBA, Case Western University

2002 – 2005: PhD, Kansas State University

After my first conversation with him, I was impressed with the capabilities RNI offered.

RNI

The company, founded in 2008 with a$3 million grant from the State of Ohio’s Third Frontier Commission, is leveraging cutting edge research from Dr. Bruce Trapp’s lab at the Cleveland Clinic.

At the core, RNI offers pioneering and propriety assays that give Drug Discovery Companies the ability to screen small molecules and compounds that could be lead therapy candidates for MS and other myelin-related diseases. These screens use a type of stem cell called adult oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs).

The Power of OPCs

So what makes these OPCs an engine for finding cures for MS?  Inflammation associated with MS attacks destroys cells called oligodendrocytes that produce myelin. The only way to reverse this autoimmune related process is for the brain to produce healthy cells that can catalyze re-myelination. Enter OPCs.

OPCs are the raw material for processes the central nervous system uses to manufacture oligodendrocytes.  The brain’s inability to produce enough healthy cells to keep up with the destruction is a root cause of the disease. Understanding how to kick start and keep the oligodendrocyte factory running is a key to reversing this relentless destruction.

Delivering Value

RNI has the capabilities to the decrease time required and increase the odds for discovering potential MS therapies.  They have the raw material (OPCs) and the know how to encourage their transformation into myelinating cells. This expertise can be utilized can be used then to rapidly test new compounds both in vitro and in vivo.

In Vitro Assays Example

The features of their in vitro assays include:

• Stringent protocols to generate relatively homogeneous (>85% pure) and consistent population of OPCs as a reliable starting material for HCS assays
• Relatively high throughput primary screen to identify potential candidates that promote OPC proliferation and/or differentiation
• Secondary screen to confirm and qualify compounds for further pharmacological testing
• Positive and negative controls that demonstrate the utility of HCS assays to identify lead candidates that promote OPC proliferation and differentiation.

The features of their in vivo cuprizone assays include:

• Stringent protocols to generate highly reproducible demyelination/remyelination cuprizone model
• Cuprizone model recapitulates the in vivo process of demyelination and remyelination in the brain.
• Cuprizone model provides consistent and accurate results for key regions of the brain that are affected in MS patients including both white and gray matter regions – corpus callosum, hippocampus and cortex.
• Proof of concept studies demonstrate the utility of our in vivo remyelination assays to evaluate preclinical efficacy of potential remyelination therapies

The end goal is to discover therapies that repair neurons damaged by MS via remyelination and to get them in the hands of people that need them. I will keep you posted on their progress.

Images Courtesy of Paula M. Keeney, Laboratory and Research Manager, VCU Parkinson's Disease Center of Excellence.

This listing comes to me from my friend Roxanne McAnn at Nursingdegree.net.

Stem cell research has been a contentious issue in both the scientific and political spheres for quite some years. Despite the ongoing battle between those who support and those who oppose the research and treatments, new discoveries and advances in the field are being made all the time. Whether you’re pursuing a career in medicine or science, if you’d like to keep up with these advances, then blogs on the issue are one of the best tools out there. Here, you’ll find a collection of blogs that provide all the information you’ll need to stay on top of the latest in stem cell discoveries.

News-These blogs will let you stay on the cutting edge of new developments in the stem cell research community.

1. The Stem Cell Blog: Through this blog, you’ll be able to get updates on the latest and greatest in stem cell research.
2. Stem Cell News Blog: This blog collects a wide range of articles related to stem cell treatments, research and policy.
3. Ben’s Stem Cell News: Ben Kaplan is a stem cell activist, blogger and a biotech professional who shares his thoughts and the latest information on stem cells here.
4. Stem Cell Directory: No matter what kind of stem cell information you’re looking for, you’ll find it here through articles, news and videos.
5. All Things Stem Cell: From treating baldness to cancer, learn about the myriad of ways stem cells may be able to help patients on this blog.
6. Cell News: This blog will make it simple to be in-the-know when it comes to everything related to stem cells.
7. The Stem Cell Trekker: Use this blog to learn more about stem cell innovations around the globe.
8. StemSave: You might not think dental care when you think of stem cells, but this blog will show you that stem cells may be able to be taken from the teeth, giving you a whole new appreciation for those chompers.
9. Joescamp’s Stem Cell Blog: This blog offers up news, information and insights into adult stem cell research.

Businesses and Organizations-Check out these blogs to see what research corporations and organizations
invested in stem cells are doing.

1. International Stem Cell Corporation: Visit this blog to learn more about stem cell research that’s being done overseas, as many countries don’t have the same restrictions on research as the U.S.
2. ViaCord Blog: This company, invested in cord blood baking and research, shares advances in the field of stem cells and cord blood treatments through this blog.
3. Stem Cell Network Blog: Based out of Canada, this organization’s blog will help readers stay on top of new studies being done in the field, as well as some political issues that will affect researchers in Canada and around the world.
4. Stem Cell Aware: Here you’ll find articles and information that can help you learn more about individuals who are receiving treatment with adult stem cells around the world.
5. Umbilical Cord Blood Blog: Learn more about donating umbilical blood and the stem cell research being done with it through this organization’s blog.

Commentary Here, you’ll get not only news, but commentary on stem cell issues as well.

1. David Granovsky’s Stem Cell Blog: Ranked as one of the top health bloggers by Wellsphere, David Granovsky’s blog on stem cells is sure to provide you more  information on the subject than you’ll have time to read.
2. California Stem Cell Report: See how stem cell politics are affecting research and development in California through this blog written by journalist David Jensen.
3. Advance Stem Cell Research: Follow the latest news and commentary on stem cells with this blog.

Research-These blogs, many from labs and experts in the field, focus on providing news and information on the best research being done with stem cells in the world.

1. Knoepfler Lab Stem Cell Blog: The UC Davis School of Medicine maintains this blog, providing readers with information on everything stem cell as well as other science-related issues.
2. CIRM Research Results: The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine shares their latest discoveries and political battles here.
3. Robert Lanza, MD: Dr. Robert Lanza is a scientist and professor working on issues related to cell technology and engineering; his blog will provide readers with some insights into the field and his research.
4. Stem Cell Gateway: Whether you live in the U.S. or abroad, this blog is the place to visit for information geared towards the stem cell research community.
5. Tissue and Cellular Innovation Center Blog: Focused on tissue engineering and stem cell biology, this center is at the forefront of much of the research they share via this blog.
6. Stem Cell Breaking Research: Need to know the absolute latest on stem cell research? This blog may be one of your best bets, with updates posted every day.
7. Stem Cell Digest.net: On this blog, you’ll find information about stem cell research, progress, new applications and companies who are doing the work.
8. Stem Cell Methods: Researchers, scientists and medical professionals can learn more about the protocols and methods being used in stem cell research and treatment through this blog.

Author’s not (6/1/2011). This excellent site was brought to my attention by Dr. Anthony G. Payne- www.stemcelltherapies.org: This site is run by Steenblock Research Institute (San Clemente, California) which is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization devoted to stem cell related education and research (SRI has a massive library facility and  stem cell R & D laboratory).

When differentiated, these  neural progenitors express subunits of glutamatergic,  GABAergic, nicotinic, purinergic and transient receptor potential receptors. In addition, sodium  and calcium channel subunits were also expressed. Functionally, virtually all the NP cells exhibited delayed rectifier potassium channel currents and some differentiated cells exhibited  tetrodotoxin sensitive, voltage-dependent sodium channel current under whole-cell voltage clamp and action potentials could be elicited by current injection under whole-cell current clamp.  These results indicate that removing basic fibroblast growth factor from the neural progenitor cell cultures leads to a post-mitotic state, and also results in the capability to produce excitable cells that can generate action potentials. This is the first data demonstrating capabilitiesof these cells for ionotrophic receptor assays and ultimately for electrically active human neural cell assays for drug discovery.

Images: Glutamate receptor expression in hNP cells and differentiated hNP cells The expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors might also be an indicator of neuronal maturation. These receptors are composed of three distinct families: NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors. The hNP cells and differentiated hNP cells cultured in the absence of bFGF for 2 weeks were analyzed for mRNA expression of subunits of each glutamate receptor subtype relative to hESCs. Significant increases (p<0.05) in Grin2b were seen in hNP cells (20 fold) and differentiated hNP cells (25 fold) relative to hESCs (Figure 3A). Additionally, Grin1 and Grin2d were significantly increased (p<0.05) only in differentiated hNP cells relative to hESCs, but not in undifferentiated hNP cells (Figure 3A). Of the kainate receptors, Grik4 and Grik5 were significantly (p<0.05) increased only in undifferentiated hNP cells relative to hESCs (Figure 3B); whereas, Grik2 was significantly (p<0.05) increased only in hNP cells where bFGF had been removed (Figure 3B). AMPA receptor subunits were also examined. Gria1 and Gria4 were up regulated in hNP cells relative to hESCs (Figure 3C). Two week differentiated hNP cells showed significant (p<0.05) up regulation of Gria2 and Gira4 relative to hESCs (Figure 3C). To determine if functional glutamate channels exist in differentiated hNP cells, calcium influx in response to AMPA, kainic acid or NMDA application was measured on hNP cells, 14 days after the removal of bFGF. Figure 3G indicates that NMDA could not depolarize differentiated or undifferentiated hNP cells enough to cause significant calcium influx above background. In contrast, AMPA and kainic acid can cause calcium influx which can be potentiated by AMPA receptor specific modulator, cyclothiazide (50 μM, Figure 3G).Calcium influx was detected in the presence of cyclothiazide in calcium activity as measured (Figure 3H).

I would like to highlight a poster based on research Steve and his Team conducted with Platypus Technologies.

Getting Started with Alphagenix                     Steve is an advisor, collaborator and friend. He has the innate ability to bring his his scientific expertise and entrepreneural insticts together in a way that anticipates emerging needs of the research community we both serve. He is an expert in immunology, neuroscience, virology and regenerative medicine (stem cells).  Most notably, he is the sole inventor on the patent that formed the basis for using the Nodaviruses as vaccine and gene therapy vectors U.S. Patent 6,171,591. These vaccines are in various stages of preclinical development as are protoype therapeutic vaccines for neurodegenerative diseases.  Our two companies first worked together to identify and manufacture several important stem cell markers. We tested potency on our STEMEZ hNP1TM Human Neural Progenitors. They proved to be effective. This confirmed Steve’s ability to identify, design and make these markers. The demand for them continues to grow. These successes were a prelude of good things to come. Current Focus Steve is currently  developing novel products and technologies for basic and clinical research with a particular emphasis on stem cell markers, biomaterials and regenerative medicine. The biomaterials product focus involves the design and application of 3-dimensional biomaterials comprised of extracellular matrix components and peptide nanofibers that have cell culture and tissue engineering applications. In addition, the company conducts regenerative medicine research that involves basic science and translational preclinical research using stem cell regulatory network discoveries and novel preclinical studies utilizing animal models with a focus on neurological disease and diabetes. He is a contributor to: Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Diseases Stem cell therapy for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological diseases

2001-Present-President-Alphagenix 2006-2007-CSO-Neuromics 2000-2001-President-AmProx, Inc 1996-2004-President and CSO-Pentamer Pharmaceuticals 1996-1997-Sr. Research Fellow-Medical Biology Institute. 1995-1997-Research Associate-Scripps Research Institute 1995 PhD Purdue University Musashi-1 Antibody Image: Musashi (green) staining of neural rosettes(human). Nuclei are counterstained blue (DAPI). Image courtesy of Dr. Steve Stice and Dr. Patricia Wilson, University of Georgia.

Harting, Matthew T., Cox, Charles S. and Hall, Stephen G.  Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Disease: Preclinical evidence for cellular therapy as a treatment for neurological disease. In Vemore and Vinoglo (eds): Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells. Humana Press, pp 561-573, (2009). More information.

Specific Projects

1. Steve has 3 major projects underway:
   In collaboration with Dr.  Charles Cox , Distinguished Professor, UT Medical School @ Houston, Steve has been using stem cells to treat  Traumtaic Brain Injury (TBI) in Rat. Neural stem cells transplanted into the site of injury. In this model, treated rats showed injury significantly improved motor skills with a moderate recovery in cognitive ability. This research forms the base for eventually repairing damage in humans suffering TBI. Methods and reagents developed also could be useful for basic research and drug discovery.
2. Steve is working with Burnham Institute to develop methods for using  Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to regenerate beta cells. This research holds promise for type 1 diabetics.
3. Steve developing biomaterials including extracellular matrix proteins in novel cell culture systems and synthetic peptide nanofibers for these purposes.  It is investigating stem cells and genetically engineered cells and their interaction with these biomaterials, which has the ability to increase the efficacy of cell therapy. This is highlighted by a human laminin sytem that shows promise in restoring function in Muscular Dystophry.

The last project is promising enough that it could lead to funding for phase 1 testing.

I will continue to keep you posted on progress. I am excited about the new regeants and method that evolve from Steve’s Research. As these prove to work in unique and novel ways, the will become available to Neuromics.

Dr. Steve Hall

Dr Steve Hall has been a friend, collaborator and mentor since I purchased Neuromics. This includes being a Neuromics’ Premier supplier of Stem Cells and Related Markers, Media and Methods. Steve is currently President at AlphaGenix, Inc.

His expertise includes developing novel products and technologies for basic and clinical research with a particular emphasis on stem cell markers, biomaterials and regenerative medicine. The biomaterials product focus involves the design and application of 3-dimensional biomaterials comprised of extracellular matrix components and peptide nanofibers that have cell culture and tissue engineering applications. In addition, the company conducts regenerative medicine research that involves basic science and translational preclinical research using stem cell regulatory network discoveries and novel preclinical studies utilizing animal models with a focus on neurological disease.

He is a contributor to: Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Diseases Stem cell therapy for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological diseases

Harting, Matthew T., Cox, Charles S. and Hall, Stephen G.  Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological Disease: Preclinical evidence for cellular therapy as a treatment for neurological disease. In Vemore and Vinoglo (eds): Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells. Humana Press, pp 561-573, (2009). More information.

Stay tuned for Steve’s backstory in June!

Drilling down further, I am pleased to present Electro-physiology and related data generated by Aruna and collaborators: hN2 Cells-Electro Phys Data Supplement

hN2-Whole Cell Voltage Clamp

Figure. hN2 cells can produce inward currents that generate action potentials. (A) Isolated hN2 with significant neurite growth 1 week  after plating . This cell was subjected to whole cell voltage clamp utilizing a potassium gluconate based intracellular solution. (B) Voltage gated inward and outward currents were elicited from this cell with depolarizing voltage steps. (C) Inward currents from another cell (potassium gluconate intracellular) were abolished by local application of 1 µM tetrodotoxin (red trace) while outward currents remained. Inward current recovered as TTX washed out of the region (green trace). (D) A different cell which exhibited voltage activated inward currents that inactivated in response to a 50 ms prepulse at different membrane potentials. The experiment was done 27 days after the removal of bFGF. A cesium gluconate based intracellular solution was used for this experiment to block outward potassium currents. The membrane potential for half maximal inactivation by standard Boltzman fitting (red line) was -40.1 mV with a slope of 4.7. (E) Recovery from fast inactivation utilizing a paired pulse protocol in the same cell as C. The single exponential time constant for recovery of inactivation was 1.7 ms (red line). (F) A different cell which elicited an overshooting action potential upon current injection under whole cell current clamp utilizing a potassium gluconate based intracellular solution. Inset: Response of the same cell under voltage clamp to a change in membrane potential from -80 mV to -10 mV elicited a peak current of 457 pA. Scale bars for inset: 5 ms, 0.2 nA.

Gary Johnson

1994-present-President, ICT

1993-1996-Conjugation Chemist, R&D Systems

19989-1993-Supervisor Protein Conjugation & ELISA Development Group, Solvay Animal Health

1986-1989-Immunologists, Biosciences Lab, 3M

1976-1986-Various Lab, U of MN

Gary’s Conatct Info:

• gary@immunochemistry.com
• 952-888-8788  

Inventing Better Ways to Measure Apoptosis 

This profile features another Scientist Entrepreneur. Dr Gary Johnson is the Founder and President of Immunochemistry Technologies LLC (ICT). His company manufactures kits that have the capabilities to quantitatively measure apoptosis effects. This is important to Neuromics, because these are core to many diseases of research interest to our customers. These range from Cancer where apoptosis detection can be used to to visualize the efficacy of tumor killing therapies to Neuroscience where apoptosis could be a root cause of many cognitive and neuro-muscular diseases.

I am excited about featuring Gary. I have been working with him and his team over the past 5 years. They have actively supported my company in providing Apoptosis Research Kits. The strength in our relationship is built on his company supplying best of breed reagents. The feedback I receive from users is overwhelmingly positive. In addition to these kits, ICT is also recoginized for their rock solid ELISA Buffers and Diluents.

It takes a unique blend of business and scientific acumen to build a company like ICT. So let’s start with Gary’s background and experience and then on to the specifics on his company and products and what sets ICT apart from competitors.

Gary’s Background

Gary’s began his career at the University of Minnesota in 1978 where he worked in a variety of labs. There he gained a wealth of experience and expertise in research techniqes. These included chromatography, immunoelectrophoresis, radiolabeling, mass spectrometry,  proton NMR spectroscopy and western blotting.

He leveraged his abilities and became more deeply involved in immunobiology. He  joined Dr. Harry Orr’s lab in 1981. There he used recombinant DNA techniques to study the class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex and he also supervised the tissue culture work. This provided the stepping stone to Dr. David Klein’s lab in 1984. There he studied the difference between diabetic and non-diabetic glomerular basement membrane proteoglycans in kidney disease. In order to do this research Gary developed in vivo or in vivo labeling techniques.

Gary then moved from University to commercial labs. We will see how his growing expertise morphed into the founding of ICT and why his broad knowledge and experise enabled a successful launch of the company.

From 1986 until founding ICT Gary worked at 3M, Solvay Animal Health and R&D Systems. Over his tenure, he worked as an Immunologist, Supervised an ELISA and Protein Purification and was a Conjugation Chemist. Having mastered a unique range of basic and commercial bio-research techniques, the evolution to Scientist-Entreprenuer was a natural next step.

In 1994, Dr. Brain Lee and Gary launched ICT. The company’s early success was in contract assay development. The revenue generated from these programs, has enabled ICT to manufacture and release a growing catalog of Apoptosis Detection Kits.

ICT’s Products and Capabilties

ICT’s provides proprietary probes for measuring apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These probes are used by researchers  to detect caspases, cathepsins, serine proteases, cholinesterase enzymes, and assess mitochondrial health.Applications include: assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy, to quantifying  neurodegeneration, and early detectionof eye disease, to name a few.

Specific Products Include:

• FLIVO™ Polycaspase Live!, in vivo Apoptosis Kits
• FLICA™ in vitro Caspase Kits
  • Fast!-Use Caspase kits to quantitate apoptosis via active caspases in whole, living cells. These kits do not use ELISA or any antibodies for detection
• FLISP™ Serine Protease Detection Kits
  • Measures chymotrypsin-like protease
    activation in whole living cells.
• Magic Red™ Real Time! Kits
  • Measures apoptosis in whole living, intact cells – no lysis required
• MitoPT™ Kits
• Quantitate mitochondrial functionality and apoptosis

Images: Normal (left) and keratoconus (right) corneal fibroblasts were labeled with Caspase 3 & 7 Assay Kit, green.

Pacing the Field

ICT is setting the pace in Apoptosis Detection by  recognizing and resolving issues inherent in competitive offerings. These include:

1. Difficulty permeating cells.
2. High background problems.
3. Does not bind to early stage apoptotic cells.
4. Not as sensitive as a cell permeant inhibitor probe.
5. Does not bind to all apoptotic tumor cells (Dicker, Cancer Biol. Ther., 2005. 9:1014-1017).
6. Binds positively to normal and healthy bone marrow derived cells (Dillon, J. of Immunol., 2001. 166:58-71).
7. Many in vitro protocols involve lysing the red blood cells before running flow cytometry, this method results in the binding of Annexin V to all of the cells in the sample (Tait, Blood, Cells, Molecules, and Diseases., 1999. 25:271-278).  The inversion of PS and cells containing large amounts of PS may not be related to apoptosis and this adds to the background issues.
8. Does not measure a process of apoptosis, but rather an effect of apoptosis.

Capabilities that will enable them strengthen their leadership position include:

1.  Uses a cell permeant probe that can easily penetrate tissues and cells.
2. Very sensitive.
3. Specific, no reported false positives.
4. It is a direct measurement of an intracellular process of apoptosis, detects only active caspases and caspase active cells are always apoptotic.
5. Passage through the blood-brain barrier has been demonstrated.
6. Passage through the blood-retinal barrier has been demonstrated.
7. No background problems when injected intravenously.
8. Detects very early through late stage apoptosis.

ICT is continuing to invest heavily in developing new capabilties. Gary highlighlighted some of the breakthroughs that are on the horizon. I plan on announcing these as they become public.Stay tuned.

We are in the process of finalizing details for distributing their human neuron cultures. Here is the related press release: